Citing this site

The site

If you use these materials in your teaching or research, please cite the site as:

Michaelides, G. (2026). Dyadic Data Analysis in R. Online at https://michaelides.github.io/apim/. CC BY 4.0.

A BibTeX entry:

@misc{michaelides2026dyadic,
  author = {Michaelides, George},
  title  = {Dyadic Data Analysis in R},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://michaelides.github.io/apim/},
  note   = {CC BY 4.0}
}

The underlying methods

The methods on this site rest on the work of many researchers. The key citations are:

• APIM framework: Kenny, Kashy, & Cook (2006) Dyadic data analysis. Guilford Press. — the primary textbook.
• k-pattern tests: Kenny & Ledermann (2010). Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 359–366.
• Wide-format SEM for indistinguishable dyads: Olsen & Kenny (2006). Psychological Methods, 11(2), 127–141.
• R SEM engine: Rosseel (2012). Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36.
• R multilevel engine: Bates et al. (2015). Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48.

The full reference list is on the references page.

The applied example

The simulated data structure on this site emulates:

• Hahn, V. C., Binnewies, C., & Dormann, C. (2014). The role of partners and children for employees’ daily recovery. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(1), 39–48.

If you are writing a research paper whose methods section uses the APIM, citing Hahn et al. (2014) is appropriate when the structure of your data is similar to theirs.

Licensing

The written material is released under CC BY 4.0. The R code is released under the MIT License.